What Is Superficial Radiation Therapy? A Complete Guide

Superficial radiation therapy (SRT) is a treatment that’s generally used to treat non-melanoma skin cancers – although it can also be used to treat other benign (non-cancerous) skin conditions. It’s an external process that uses radiation to destroy the diseased cells, while leaving the deeper tissues unaffected.  

Although the treatment has been around for decades, today’s technology has transformed it into a simple, virtually pain-free option that’s highly effective when used appropriately.

Superficial Radiation Therapy: What It Is, When It’s Used, & Other FAQs

• How superficial radiation therapy works
• What is superficial radiation therapy used for?
• What to expect when having superficial radiation therapy

How superficial radiation therapy works

Superficial radiation therapy uses low-energy X-rays to target the cancer. These only penetrate the upper layers of tissue—hence the name “superficial”—leaving the cells below unaffected. 

When used early, SRT is very effective at stopping the malignant cells from dividing and spreading, thus “killing” the cancer.

What is superficial radiation therapy used for?

SRT is used in two very specific forms of skin cancers. They are also the most common. These are:

• Basal cell carcinoma.
• Squamous cell carcinoma.

It can also be used to target potentially precancerous lesions, known as actinic keratoses (AK).

The treatment is non-invasive and generally no more stressful than having an X-ray. Today’s techniques are extremely advanced and are applied using small portable machines. This has led to increasing use of the technology. While it’s not suitable for every type of skin cancer, there are many circumstances when your skin doctor will recommend SRT over more invasive procedures. 

These could include:

• The skin cancer is at an early stage (or precancerous).
• For certain locations, especially the face, hands, or feet.
• If you have another medical condition that impedes the healing process.
• You take anticoagulants (blood thinners).
• Older patients or those who might not be suitable for more invasive surgery.
• In those who are keen to avoid scarring.

What to expect when having superficial radiation therapy

Most treatments involve a planning session before SRT commences. This is where the doctor works out the precise dose of radiation you need, takes photographs and measurements, and you might need a CT scan.

It’s also common to have a lead mold made to shield the skin around the lesion. If necessary, this will also be done before your first SRT treatment.

On the day, you’ll sit or lie on a couch. If applicable, the lead shield will be put in place. The machine that delivers the treatment will be placed close to or on the skin. Much like a regular X-ray, the doctor/radiographer will leave the room for a few moments while the radiation is applied. It’s painless and only takes a few minutes.

Once complete, the machine and any shield will be removed and you can resume your regular day-to-day activities.

The number of treatments needed will vary—it could be anything up to 20 sessions and will depend on the size and depth of the cancer. These will be spread out over a few weeks but could involve daily sessions. Your doctor will let you know about your individual care plan.

Side Effects and Other Important Information about SRT

• SRT side effects
• Skin care during SRT treatment

SRT side effects

While side effects are generally minimal, you can expect the area to become red—and possibly sore—after each treatment. Sometimes a scab forms, and you may even have mild bleeding. Hair will fall out of the targeted tissue and this could be permanent.

Skin care during SRT treatment

It’s important to care for the treated area appropriately. This includes:

• Keeping out of the sun or, if this isn’t possible, using a high-factor sunblock. This should continue for life, as the area will be far more sensitive to UV rays.
• Avoid swimming—both during the treatment plan and for the following few weeks.
• When washing, gently pat the area dry with a towel and allow it to air and fully dry.
• Only use simple, unperfumed washing products and moisturizers.

There is a risk of skin color changes from SRT. These don’t tend to be instant but might become noticeable during the course of the treatment. The vast majority settle down around 2-4 weeks after the treatment is finished. However, the changes could be permanent.

Your dermatologist will monitor the skin area throughout the treatment plan. You’ll also have follow-up appointments—with another typically around eight weeks after your last session. At this point, the doctor will be able to assess the long-term effects and any necessary further treatment. Depending on the outcome, this could be additional care or simple monitoring over the following months and years.

It's good practice to carry out regular self-checks for any abnormal moles or areas of skin, as well as having a professional skin cancer check with a suitable dermatologist at least once every year.

Worried About a Mole or Had a Diagnosis? Contact Bayou City Dermatology for SRT & Other Treatment Options

Clinical expertise in treating non-melanoma skin cancers is a true specialty at Bayou City Dermatology. We lead the way in diagnosis and treatment, utilizing the latest cutting-edge technology and in-depth knowledge to determine the right treatment plan based on individual needs.

We’ll determine your medical requirements and, if superficial radiation therapy is deemed a suitable treatment route, then your doctor will initiate your plan without delay. Even if SRT isn’t optimal, we have plenty of other, advanced options that are well-proven for the highest recovery rates.

Discover more at https://www.bayoucitydermatology.com/clinical/superficial-radiation-therapy and call our team today to book a consultation.